Sleep apnoea is a common yet often undiagnosed sleep disorder that significantly impacts sleep quality and overall health. It is estimated to affect up to 1.5 million adults, with up to 85% of cases remaining undiagnosed. If you or someone you know frequently wakes up feeling unrefreshed, struggles with daytime fatigue, or experiences loud snoring, sleep apnoea may be the underlying cause.
What Is Sleep Apnoea?
Sleep apnoea is a condition characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. These pauses in breathing can last from a few seconds to a minute and may occur multiple times per hour. The two main types of sleep apnoea are:
- Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA): The most common form, caused by the relaxation of throat muscles that block the airway.
- Central Sleep Apnoea (CSA): A less common form, where the brain fails to send signals to the muscles responsible for breathing.
Signs and Symptoms of Sleep Apnoea
Some common indicators of sleep apnoea include:
- Loud snoring
- Gasping or choking during sleep
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Morning headaches
- Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
- Mood disturbances, such as irritability or depression
- Frequent nighttime awakenings
Using the STOP-BANG Questionnaire as a Reference
The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a widely used tool to assess the risk of sleep apnoea. If you answer 'Yes' to multiple questions about snoring, fatigue, observed breathing pauses, high blood pressure, BMI, age, neck circumference, and gender, you may be at risk for sleep apnoea. In such cases, it is advisable to seek evaluation from a healthcare professional.
How Sleep Apnoea Affects Sleep Quality and Overall Health
Since sleep apnoea repeatedly interrupts the natural sleep cycle, it prevents individuals from reaching the deep, restorative stages of sleep. Over time, this can lead to:
- Chronic fatigue and drowsiness
- Poor concentration and cognitive impairment
- Increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke
- Metabolic issues, including weight gain and diabetes
- Weakened immune function
- Increased risk of accidents due to excessive daytime sleepiness
Who Is at Risk for Sleep Apnoea?
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing sleep apnoea, including:
- Excess weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of airway obstruction.
- Age: Sleep apnoea is more common in individuals over 40.
- Gender: Men are more likely to develop sleep apnoea than women, although the risk increases for postmenopausal women.
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedative use can exacerbate sleep apnoea.
- Family history: A genetic predisposition may contribute to the condition.
- Anatomical factors: A narrow airway, large tonsils, or a thick neck circumference can increase the risk.
Ways to Help Manage Sleep Apnoea
While medical treatment is often necessary, certain adjustments can help alleviate the symptoms of sleep apnoea:
- Weight Loss: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce airway obstruction and improve breathing during sleep.
- Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity helps improve overall respiratory function and sleep quality.
- Avoiding Alcohol and Sedatives: These substances relax the throat muscles, increasing the risk of airway blockage.
- Sleep Position Adjustments: Sleeping on the side rather than the back can reduce airway obstruction and improve airflow.
- Establishing a Consistent Sleep Routine: Prioritising good sleep hygiene can help improve overall sleep quality.
If you suspect you have sleep apnoea, it is essential to seek advice from a medical specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.
The Role of Bedding in Managing Sleep Apnoea
While treatment options like CPAP therapy are critical, the sleep environment also plays a significant role in managing sleep apnoea. The right bedding can enhance sleep quality by promoting better airflow and reducing allergens. Consider the following:
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Breathable Materials: Opt for moisture-wicking, breathable fabrics like cotton to regulate temperature and prevent overheating, which can worsen sleep disruptions.
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Hypoallergenic Bedding: Dust mites and allergens can exacerbate respiratory issues, so choosing hypoallergenic pillows, mattress covers, and sheets can help create a cleaner, healthier sleep space – take a look at The Fine Bedding Company Allergy Defence bedding. Powered by HeiQ Allergen* Tech, this chemical-free treatment protects you against 4 of the most common allergens found in your bed.
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Adjustable Beds and Pillows: Elevating the head slightly with an adjustable bed or a contouring pillow can improve airflow, reduce airway collapse, and help prevent apnoea episodes. The Find Bedding Company’s Adjustable Memory Foam Pillow offers three different heights to accommodate all types of sleepers: front, back and side.
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Cooling Bedding Technology: Cooling mattress toppers and temperature-regulating pillows can help prevent excessive warmth, which may contribute to restlessness and breathing difficulties during sleep. The Smart Temperature Pillow from The Fine Bedding Company, has been created with activated cooling technology from HeiQ, delivering both instant and continuous cooling.
Final Thoughts
Sleep apnoea is more than just a nuisance—it can have serious long-term health consequences if left untreated. Recognising the symptoms, understanding the risks, and making the necessary lifestyle and environmental adjustments can greatly improve sleep quality and overall well-being. If you suspect you have sleep apnoea, consult a healthcare provider for an evaluation and appropriate treatment options. Investing in proper sleep hygiene and supportive bedding can make all the difference in achieving restful, restorative sleep.
